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AKTU General Pharmacology (Theory) (BP304T) Syllabus PDF – B.Pharm 3rd Semester
General Pharmacology (Theory) BP304T
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Official AKTU syllabus of General Pharmacology (Theory) (BP304T) for B.Pharm 3rd Semester – 3 credits, L-T-P 3-0-0. Read the unit-wise course content, course outcomes, evaluation pattern and recommended books online, or download the PDF.
Syllabus — General Pharmacology (Theory)
Download PDFBP304T · 3 credits · L-T-P 3-0-0
Course Objectives
The objectives of this course are:
- To provide a foundational understanding of the history of pharmacology, focusing on the evolution of drug discovery and development.
- Introducing the concepts of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics, helping students understand the mechanisms of drug action, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
- To familiarize students with the principles behind new drug development, including preclinical testing, drug screening methods, and safety pharmacology.
- To enable students to learn about toxicity testing, ensuring they understand different methods of evaluating drug safety and the regulatory guidelines involved in toxicity assessment.
- To prepare students for understanding the pharmacology of different therapeutic drug classes, by applying basic pharmacological knowledge to current trends in drug development and screening.
Course Outcomes
| CO | Upon successful completion of this course, the students will be able to |
| No. | |
| 1 | Relate the fundamental principles of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of drugs actions on the human body. |
| 2 | Illustrate the processes involved in the drug metabolism, toxicity, and safety evaluation to relate their significance in the preclinical development of new drugs. |
| 3 | Apply the knowledge of pharmacological principles to efficacy, toxicity, and safety evaluation of new drug candidates. |
| 4 | Assess the ethical and scientific principles underlying drug safety, efficacy, and toxicity testing |
| 5 | Appraise the recent trends in pharmacology. |
Course Content
| Unit | Topics | No. of |
|---|---|---|
| I | Introduction to Pharmacology a) Definition, historical perspectives, branches of pharmacology and their scope, drug, nature and sources of drugs, International Classification of Diseases (ICD) and International Non-proprietary Names (INN) for drugs b) Concept of generic medicines, essential drugs and rational drug use (RDU). Indian initiatives to promote these concepts. c) Routes of drug administration along with their advantages and disadvantages. | 08 Hours |
| II | Pharmacokinetics a) Drug absorption, mechanisms of drug absorption, membrane transporters, bioavailability, bioequivalence, factors affecting drug absorption. b) Drug distribution in different compartments, volume of distribution, storage sites, plasma protein binding and its therapeutic importance. c) Drug biotransformation, microsomal, non- microsomal metabolism and cytochrome P450 enzyme system, phase I and II reactions, first-pass metabolism, entero-hepatic cycling, concept of prodrugs. d) Drug excretion and its kinetics. | 07 Hours |
| III | Pharmacodynamics a) Types drug action and mechanisms of drug action, dose response relationship. b) Receptor theories, structure of receptors, classification and regulation of receptors, spare receptors. Concept of agonist, inverse agonist, partial agonist and antagonist. c) Signal transduction mechanisms of receptors. d) Factors modifying drug action including the concepts of tachyphylaxis, idiosyncrasy, drug tolerance, dependence, addiction, and the combined effect of drugs (Additive effect & Synergism). e) Adverse drug reactions (ADR) and types of ADRs. f) Drug interaction, types, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic drug-drug interactions. | 10 Hours |
| IV | Overview of drug discovery and evaluation of new drug a) Brief discussion on drug discovery and preclinical evaluation of new drugs. b) Human relevant screening techniques: Reconstructed human epidermis, organ-on- Chip model, skin irritancy test by reconstructed corneal epithelium, skin corrosivity testing by Direct | 12 Hours |
Peptide Reactivity Assay.
- Advantages and disadvantages of in vitro and in silico Pharmacological screening and evaluation Recent trends in pharmacology
- Chronopharmacology: Introduction, biological clock, types of rhythms, hormones, diseases and drugs affected by circadian rhythm. Introduction to chrono kinetics and importance of chronotherapeutic and future scope.
- Introduction, general principles, applications and scope of Pharmacogenomics, Gene therapy, Biosimilars and Precision medicine.
| V | Toxicology a) Introduction to toxicology and its branches. Classification of poisons based on actions and lethal doses, types of antidotes. b) General principles of treatment of acute poisoning include heavy metal poisoning. Management of poisoning. c) Definition and basic knowledge of preclinical toxicity testing-acute toxicity, sub-acute toxicity, combined chronic and carcinogenicity testing as per OECD norms. d) Basic understanding of principles of genotoxicity and teratogenicity as per OECD guidelines. e) Definition and concepts of safety pharmacology as per ICH and OECD guidelines. | 8 Hours |
Recommended References
- Brunton, L., Hilal-Dandan, R. and Knollmann, B. Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. McGraw-Hill Education.
- Rang, H. P., Dale, M. M., Ritter, J. M., Flower, R. J. and Henderson, G. Rang and Elsevier.
- Katzung, B. G. and Trevor, A. J. Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. McGraw-Hill Education.
- Whalen, K. and Finkel, R. Wolters Kluwer.
- Tripathi, K. D. Essentials of Medical Pharmacology. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers.
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