AKTU General Pharmacology (Practical) (BP309P) Syllabus PDF – B.Pharm 3rd Semester

Course Objectives

1. Understand the historical and foundational aspects of experimental pharmacology
2. Develop knowledge and practical awareness of ethical and regulatory standards in laboratory animal care and use, as outlined in CCSEA guidelines
3. Acquire skills in pharmacological data acquisition and analysis
4. Interpret and construct dose-response curves (DRCs) and calculate and interpret pharmacological indices such as LD50, threshold and ceiling dose, slope of DRC, and
5. Calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters and analyse the roles of pharmacokinetic parameters in the drug effects, and dosing schedule.

Course Outcomes

Course Content

List of practical (Minimum 12 experiments must be performed)

1. To describe the contributions of renowned pharmacologists and their discoveries based on pharmacological experiments (Any 5 Noble Laureates whose research contributed to the development of Pharmacology).
2. To study various laboratory safety precautions, hazards, personal hygiene, commonly used tools, devices and instruments in experimental pharmacology.
3. To study common experimental animals including transgenic animals along with their applications in the pharmacological experiments in current drug discovery paradigm.
4. To study concept of 6Rs along with the maintenance and experimentation on laboratory animals as per the CCSEA guidelines.
5. To demonstrate collection/isolation of DNA and RNA using computer simulations and audiovisual aids.
6. To study important anaesthetics and euthanasia procedures for experimental animals.
7. To demonstrate different routes drug administration using computer simulation and understand the significance of each route along with the maximum administrable dose.
8. To study preparation of different types of physiological salt solutions (PSS), cell culture media and to understand the role of each ingredient used in PSS preparation.
9. To study the instrumentation used for isolated tissue experiments (students organ bath assembly) and recent development in recording of the responses of isolated tissues.
10. To record the dose response curve of any two agonists on suitable isolated tissue preparation using computer simulation experiment.
11. To study the potentiating effect of physostigmine on DRC of acetyl choline through interactive computer simulation.
12. To study antagonizing effect of d-tubocurarine on the DRCs of acetylcholine through interactive computer simulation.
13. To determine of PD2 of given agonists using isolated tissue preparation using computer simulation experiment.
14. To study and determine various pharmacokinetic parameters (Cmax, Tmax, Ke, t½, Vd, Clt, AUC, AUMC) from given hypothetical data.
15. -simulated experimentation (as per OECD 425 guideline) using software.
16. Software based quantification of micronucleus test and chromosomal aberration test
17. Software based prediction of teratogenicity.
18. Use of UV-Spectrophotometer for studying drug-protein interactions.

Recommended References

1. Ghosh, M. N. Fundamentals of Experimental Pharmacology. Hilton & Company, Kolkata.
2. Kulkarni, S. K. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology. Vallabh Prakashan.
3. Goyal, R. K. Practical Pharmacology. B. S. Shah Prakashan.
4. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals.
5. International Council for Harmonisation. ICH Guideline S7A: Safety Pharmacology Studies for Human Pharmaceuticals.
6. International Council for Harmonisation. ICH Guideline S7B: Nonclinical Evaluation of the Potential for Delayed Ventricular Repolarization.