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AKTU Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry (Theory) (BP205T) Syllabus PDF – B.Pharm 2nd Semester
Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry (Theory) BP205T
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Official AKTU syllabus of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry (Theory) (BP205T) for B.Pharm 2nd Semester – 4 credits, L-T-P 4-0-0. Read the unit-wise course content, course outcomes, evaluation pattern and recommended books online, or download the PDF.
Syllabus — Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry (Theory)
Download PDFBP205T · 4 credits · L-T-P 4-0-0
Course Objectives
- Understand major metabolic pathways and the biogenetic origin of primary and secondary phytoconstituents, including the use of modern tools for pathway studies.
- Study and interpret the pharmacognostic features of crude drugs containing primary metabolites such as carbohydrates, proteins/enzymes, and lipids.
- Study and interpret the pharmacognostic features of crude drugs containing secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, resins, volatile oils, flavonoids, phenolics, and terpenoids.
- Impart knowledge of conventional and modern extraction techniques and enable selection of appropriate extraction methods.
- Develop competency in isolation, identification, characterization, and quality evaluation of medicinal plants and botanicals.
Course Outcomes
| CO | Upon successful completion of this course, the students will be able to: |
| No. | |
| 1 | Describe biosynthetic pathways and genetic tools involved in phytoconstituent production. |
| 2 | Classify and explain drugs containing primary and secondary metabolites. |
| 3 | Apply traditional and modern extraction and isolation methods. |
| 4 | Explain qualitative and quantitative analysis of plant metabolites. |
| 5 | Evaluate identity, purity, and quality of herbal raw materials. |
Course Content
| Unit | Topics | No. of |
|---|---|---|
| I | Metabolic Pathways and Biogenetic Studies Brief study of basic metabolic pathways and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites including: Shikimic acid pathway Acetate pathway Amino acid pathways Utilization of radioactive isotopes in biogenetic studies. Introduction to pathway prediction tools and modern genetic tools such as CRISPR/Cas9. | 10 |
| II | Primary Metabolites General classification and identification tests Pharmacognostic study (biological source, distribution, identifying characters, chemical constituents, specific tests, therapeutic uses, and commercial applications) of: Carbohydrates: Acacia, Agar Tragacanth Honey Proteins and Enzymes: Gelatin Casein Proteolytic enzymes: Papain, Bromelain, Serratiopeptidase, Urokinase, Streptokinase, Pepsin Lipids (Waxes, Fats, Fixed Oils): Castor oil Olive oil Cocoa butter Wool fat Beeswax | 12 |
| III | Secondary Metabolites General classification and identification tests Pharmacognostic study (biological source, distribution, cultivation of underlined drugs, identifying characters, chemical constituents, specific tests, therapeutic uses, and commercial applications) of: Alkaloids: Vinca Rauwolfia Opium Volatile Oils: Lemongrass Clove Cinnamon Fennel Tannins: Myrobalans Catechu Pomegranate Resins: Guggul Asafoetida Glycosides: Senna Liquorice Digitalis Phenylpropanoids and Flavonoids: Green Tea Ginkgo Flax seed Iridoids, Other Terpenoids and Naphthoquinones: Gentian Artemisia | 12 |
| IV | Extraction Methods for Medicinal Plants Conventional Methods of Extraction: Infusion Decoction Digestion Maceration Percolation Reflux Distillation Soxhlet extraction Successive solvent extraction Modern Methods of Extraction: Supercritical fluid extraction Microwave-assisted extraction Ultrasonic-assisted extraction Enzyme-assisted extraction Pressurized liquid extraction | 12 |
| V | Overview of Isolation, Identification and Characterization Techniques | 14 |
Separation and Isolation Techniques:
Planar chromatography Column chromatography Preparative TLC Flash chromatography Identification Techniques:
Phytochemical tests Chromatographic techniques Spectroscopic techniques Fingerprinting of medicinal plants using TLC/HPTLC.
Types and significance of markers (phytochemical reference standards).
Screening and analysis of major metabolites:
Alkaloids Glycosides Saponins Tannins Resins Flavonoids Phenolics Steroids
Recommended References
- Dewick, P.M., Medicinal Natural Products: A Biosynthetic Approach. John Wiley & Sons.
- Evans, W.C., . W.B. Saunders & Co., London.
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