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AKTU Biochemistry (Theory) (BP202T) Syllabus PDF – B.Pharm 2nd Semester

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Biochemistry (Theory) BP202T

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Official AKTU syllabus of Biochemistry (Theory) (BP202T) for B.Pharm 2nd Semester – 3 credits, L-T-P 3-0-0. Read the unit-wise course content, course outcomes, evaluation pattern and recommended books online, or download the PDF.

Syllabus — Biochemistry (Theory)

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BP202T · 3 credits · L-T-P 3-0-0

Course Objectives

Know about enzymology and various tests in clinical chemistry
Understand the biochemical pathways and clinical relevance of carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism.
Describe energetics and biological oxidation.
Explain aminoacid and protein metabolism
Understand Nucleic acid metabolism and genetic information.

Course Outcomes

CO	Upon successful completion of this course, the students will be able to:
No.
CO1	Explain the principles of enzymology and various tests in clinical chemistry
CO2	Describe the classification, the classification, structure, and functions of major biomolecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, enzymes, and vitamins.
CO3	Explain the principles of bioenergetics, biological oxidation, and the overview of metabolic pathways of biomolecules, along with their clinical significance.
CO4	Understand metabolism of lipid and its significance.
CO5	Understand metabolism of proteins & its significance and monitoring of metabolic and organ-specific disorders.

Course Content

Unit No.	Topics Lectures	No. of
I	Enzymology a. Introduction, properties, nomenclature, and IUB classification of enzymes and coenzymes. Enzyme kinetics (Michaelis plot, Lineweaver Burk plot). Enzyme inhibitors with examples. Regulation of enzymes: enzyme induction and repression, allosteric enzyme regulation. Therapeutic and diagnostic application of enzymes and isoenzymes. Factors affecting enzyme activity. Digestion, absorption function of dietary Macro and Micronutrients, including Vitamins and Minerals, Biochemical functions of vitamins and associated diseases. b. Clinical Chemistry: Liver function tests (routinely performed tests based on liver function). Renal function tests (routinely performed tests based on kidney function, ELISA test)	10
II	a. Introduction about biomolecules Introduction of carbohydrate, lipids, nucleic acids, amino acids and proteins. b. Bioenergetics: Concept of free energy; relationship between free energy, enthalpy, and entropy; redox potential; energy-rich compounds (ATP, GTP, etc.) and their biological significance. c. Carbohydrate Metabolism and their role in diabetes mellitus: Overview and significance of major pathways: Glycolysis, Citric Acid Cycle (TCA), Gluconeogenesis, Hexose Monophosphate (HMP) shunt, and Glycogen metabolism; regulation of blood glucose levels; metabolic adaptations during fed state, fasting, and prolonged starvation; metabolic derangements in diabetes mellitus and related disorders. d. Biological Oxidation: Electron Transport Chain (ETC), oxidative phosphorylation, and mechanisms of ATP synthesis; regulation and clinical implications of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress.	10
III	Lipid metabolism a. Classification, functions, and properties of lipids and lipoproteins (HDL, LDL, VLDL, chylomicrons) -oxidation and de-novo synthesis of fatty acids: Ketone bodies: synthesis, utilization, and clinical significance c. Biological significance of cholesterol, lipid profile, and its clinical significance d. Disorders associated with lipid metabolism: Hyperlipidaemias and hypercholesterolemia, lipid storage diseases, atherosclerosis, fatty liver disease, and obesity	7
IV	Amino acids and protein metabolism a. Classification and Biological Functions: Classification and physiological roles of amino acids. Structure and functions of proteins and plasma proteins b. General Metabolism of Amino Acids: Transamination, oxidative and non-oxidative deamination, decarboxylation. Urea cycle nitrogen disposal and detoxification. Fate of carbon skeletons of amino acids (glucogenic vs ketogenic). c. Catabolism of Specific Amino Acids and Related Disorders: Catabolism of phenylalanine and tyrosine and their metabolic disorders	10

(Phenylketonuria, Albinism, Alkaptonuria, Tyrosinemia) and Inborn errors of branched chain and aromatic amino acids d. Biochemical significance of neurotransmitters and hormones derived from amino acids: 5-HT (serotonin), melatonin, dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline e. Catabolism of heme and related disorders (jaundice).

Nucleic acid metabolism and genetic information transfer a. Nucleotide Metabolism and their related disorders: Biosynthesis of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides. Catabolism of purine nucleotides (uric acid formation). Clinical significance of Hyperuricemia and Gout. b. Genome Structure and Central Dogma: Organization of the mammalian genome. Introduction to DNA replication, Transcription, and Translation. c. Genetic Code and Regulation of Protein Synthesis: Properties of the genetic code: Inhibitors of transcription and translation (antibiotics, toxins) d. DNA Repair and Related Disorders: DNA damage types, Repair mechanisms. Overview of clinical disorders associated with faulty DNA repair.

Recommended References

Nelson, D.L., Cox, M.M. and Hoskins, A., Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry. New York: W.H. Freeman.
Kennelly, P.J., Rodwell, V.W., Bender, D.A., Botham, K.M. and Weil, P.A., Illustrated Biochemistry. New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
Murray, R.K., Bender, D.A., Botham, K.M., Kennelly, P.J., Rodwell, V.W. and Weil, P.A., . New York: McGraw-Hill.
Voet, D. and Voet, J.G., Biochemistry. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Devlin, T.M., Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations. New York: Wiley- Liss.
Satyanarayana, U. and Chakrapani, U., Biochemistry. Kolkata: Books and Allied (P) Ltd.
Stryer, L., Biochemistry. New York: W.H. Freeman.